by José Valera Ferrio, Responsable de Digitalización de UGT
4 min read
Spanish Version Below
There is no more powerful global trend than Artificial Intelligence (AI). It is impossible today to find an economic or social activity in which AI does not have a presence. If you Google “Taylor Swift”, for example, you will get around 820 million hits. But if you key in “artificial intelligence”, you will get 1.45 billion. Such is the hype around AI that there are even experts who claim that this technology will have an impact equivalent to the discovery of fire, electricity or the Internet.
Regardless of how accurate these predictions may be, there is another reality: the impact of AI on the world of work is often treated as an afterthought, a “minor issue” even. And yet there are compelling and rigorous studies that demonstrate the threat that AI represents both to the continuity of employment and to the fundamental rights of workers.
This is precisely why initiatives such as the one being led by FES, in collaboration with UNI, are so important. Two very interesting studies on collective bargaining and algorithms once again highlight the importance of regulating “employment AI” through collective bargaining. When we also consider the recent adoption of the AI Act, the need to move from words to deeds becomes clear: how do we include, regulate and monitor AI through and in Collective Bargaining Agreements?
With this in mind, I would like to share the initiatives we are taking in Spain, where UGT is undertaking important information provision, training and awareness-raising work.
We recently reached an agreement with the two main Spanish employers' organisations (CEOE and CEPYME) and the two largest trade unions (CCOO and UGT). The “5th Agreement for Employment and Collective Bargaining”, which is binding on all parties, contains a substantial section on “Artificial Intelligence and guaranteeing the principle of human control and the right to information on algorithms”. The title alone is a clear statement of intent.
For reasons of space, it is not possible to list all its content here but there are five key ideas worthy of note:
To supplement this agreement, UGT has drawn up a recommendations guide to help our representatives in any negotiations. In addition to basic information on AI in the world of work, the guide includes a ten-point checklist of questions to ask employers in order to establish the true status of AI in the workplace.
Again, for reasons of space we cannot list them all here but we would like to highlight the following: ask what job decisions AI is making; whether these systems capture or use workers’ personal data; whether the entire AI lifecycle has been evaluated and audited; whether training information has been verified in order to avoid bias; and whether there is a human at the end of the chain. Also ask about the productivity gains that AI has achieved. This latter point is very important information for us as this increased productivity is the result of the automation of tasks performed by workers, capturing our data and our way of doing things. It is only fair, since it draws on our work and our data, that this productivity should be shared with the workers.
Finally, our recommendations guide looks at the response we should expect from companies, which is as important as knowing what to ask them. Here we recall that, as explained by UNESCO, ISO or the AI Act itself, their explanations must be understandable, traceable and appropriate to the context and the person to whom they are speaking.
We have trained more than 300 people with this guide so far and expect these numbers to increase in the coming months. In our view, this is the only way to underpin the role of trade unions as key actors in defending the legitimate rights of workers, ensuring that AI contributes to the occupational well-being of all rather than only to the economic wealth of a few.
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IA y negociación colectiva: un compromiso del sindicalismo español
No existe una tendencia mundial con más pujanza que la Inteligencia Artificial (IA). Es imposible encontrar una actividad económica o social en donde la IA no esté presente. Una prueba: si se busca el término “Taylor Swift” en Google obtendremos unos 820 millones de resultados. Si tecleamos “artificial intelligence”, obtendremos 1.450 millones de entradas. Es tal el hype existente alrededor de la IA, que incluso hay expertos que aseguran que esta tecnología tendrá un impacto similar al descubrimiento del fuego, la electricidad o Internet.
Con independencia de lo acertado de estos vaticinios, existe otra realidad: el impacto de la IA en el mundo del trabajo suele tratarse como un aspecto secundario, incluso como un “asunto menor”. Sin embargo, existen contundentes y rigurosos estudios que demuestran la amenaza que representa la IA, tanto para la continuidad del empleo como para los derechos fundamentales de los trabajadores.
Precisamente por ello son tan importantes las iniciativas como la liderada por FES, en colaboración con UNI. Dos interesantísimos estudios sobre la negociación colectiva relacionada con la algoritmia vuelven a poner de manifiesto la importancia de regular la “IA laboral” mediante la negociación colectiva. Si le sumamos la reciente aprobación de la AI Act, nos vemos en la obligación de pasar de las palabras a los hechos; de cómo introducimos, regulamos y vigilamos la IA a través de los Convenios Colectivos.
Con este objetivo, quiero compartir las iniciativas que estamos realizando en España, en donde UGT está desarrollando un importante trabajo de información, formación y concienciación.
Recientemente hemos alcanzado un acuerdo con las dos principales patronales españolas (CEOE y CEPYME) y los dos sindicatos más importantes (CCOO y UGT). El “V Acuerdo para el Empleo y la Negociación Colectiva”, de contenido obligacional para todas las partes, contiene un extenso apartado dedicado a la “Inteligencia Artificial y garantía del principio de control humano y derecho a la información sobre los algoritmos”. Sólo el titulo ya representa una clara declaración de intenciones.
Por cuestiones de espacio, no es posible describir todo su contenido, pero sí conviene destacar cinco ideas clave:
Como complemento a este acuerdo, UGT ha elaborado una guía de recomendaciones, que ayude a nuestros representantes en cualquier negociación. La Guía, además de una información básica sobre IA en el mundo de trabajo, incluye un decálogo de preguntas que debemos realizar a las empleadoras, con el fin de conocer el verdadero estado de la IA en los centros de trabajo.
De nuevo, por cuestiones de espacio no podemos describirlas todas, aunque nos gustaría destacar las siguientes: se interroga sobre qué decisiones laborales está tomando la IA; si estos sistemas capturan o usan datos personales de los trabajadores, si todo el ciclo de vida de la IA ha evaluado y auditado, si los datos de entrenamiento han sido verificados para evitar sesgos o si existe un humano al final de la cadena. También preguntamos sobre el aumento de la productividad que ha supuesto dichas IA. Es una información muy importante para nosotros, puesto que ese aumento de la productividad es el resultado de automatizar tareas realizadas por trabajadores, capturando nuestros datos y nuestra forma de hacer las cosas. Por justicia, esa productividad, ya que proviene de nuestro trabajo y nuestros datos, debe ser repartida con los trabajadores.
Finalmente, nuestra Guía de recomendaciones analiza cómo deben respondernos las empresas, un aspecto tan importante como saber qué preguntar. Y recordamos que, tal y como explica UNESCO, ISO o la propia AI Act, esas explicaciones deben ser comprensibles, trazables y apropiadas al contexto y al interlocutor.
En la actualidad hemos formado a más de 300 personas con esta Guía y esperamos aumentar estas cifras en los próximos meses. En nuestra opinión, sólo así podremos apuntalar el rol de los sindicatos como actores fundamentales en la defensa de los legítimos derechos de los trabajadores, consiguiendo que la IA contribuya al bienestar laboral de todos y no sólo a la riqueza económica de unos pocos.
José Valera Ferrio is Head of Digitalisation at UGT. Jose contributed to the many studies on digitalization of work, including “La Brecha Digital en España”, “Impacto de la automatización en el empleo en España, “Digitalización de la Empresa española” y “El Servicio Universal de Telecomunicaciones.”
Technology, Employment and Wellbeing is a new FES blog that offers original insights on the ways new technologies impact the world of work. The blog focuses on bringing different views from tech practitioners, academic researchers, trade union representatives and policy makers.
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